Perspectiva de la oxidación electroquímica de colorantes sintéticos en aguas residuales artificiales: Rol del material anódico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20983/culcyt.2023.3.3.1Palabras clave:
oxidación directa, oxidación indirecta, electrodo pasivo, electrodo activo, material electródicoResumen
El intensivo uso de colorantes que realiza la industria textil en la operación de teñido aporta un poco más de la mitad del agua residual coloreada (54 %) al medio ambiente en el mundo. El impacto negativo se produce en cuerpos acuáticos perjudicando la cadena alimenticia, la actividad fotosintética, la cantidad de oxígeno disuelto y otros aspectos. Los seres humanos expuestos también pueden contraer enfermedades desde dermatitis hasta problemas del sistema nervioso central. El tratamiento de aguas residuales coloreadas es entonces un requisito que puede realizarse por las vías física, química o biológica convencionalmente. El método electroquímico alternativo que ha propiciado interés es la oxidación electroquímica inducida con electrolitos añadidos y materiales electródicos diversos. Las publicaciones recientes indican que los electrodos de diamante dopado con boro, platino, grafito, PbO2 dopado, PbO2 sin dopar y dimensionalmente estables, alcanzan remociones de color sobresalientes superiores al 90 % y en algunos casos alrededor de 60 % de materia orgánica, cuantificada como DQO o COT, que se limitó por la presencia de subproductos orgánicos. El aumento del empleo de nanotecnología factible para configurar características electrocatalíticas mejores con base en nanopartículas o nanoestructuras incorporadas al electrodo se vislumbra como posible tendencia futura.
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