El efecto de la eficiencia educativa en el desarrollo regional en México
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
El sistema educativo mexicano enfrenta importantes desafíos derivados de brechas sociales y regionales, entre ellos la falta de personal docente, materiales pedagógicos, programas de estudio actualizados, infraestructura y servicios suficientes, así como un gasto gubernamental reducido en educación y cuerpos académicos con programas de formación deficientes. Además, el acceso a la educación es limitado para los grupos vulnerables, especialmente en zonas rurales. Por ello, el interés por evaluar el desempeño de este sistema ha cobrado relevancia. En este estudio se analiza la eficiencia del sistema educativo mexicano y su relación con el desarrollo regional, económico y social mediante un modelo de Análisis Envolvente de Datos en Red (NDEA) de dos etapas. La primera etapa calcula la eficiencia del proceso educativo en tres niveles académicos: primaria, secundaria y medio superior; mientras que la segunda etapa evalúa la relación entre la educación y el desarrollo regional, económico y social. Dado que el análisis incluye información de las 32 entidades federativas de México para cinco ciclos escolares entre 2000 y 2020, se empleó el índice de productividad Malmquist para observar los cambios de productividad en ambas etapas. Los resultados muestran que una mayor calidad educativa se asocia con un mayor desarrollo regional, económico y social; sin embargo, dicho desarrollo no se refleja necesariamente en una mayor eficiencia en la etapa de desarrollo.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Citas
Ama, H. A., Morad, F. R. & Mukhopadyay, S. (2020). Assessment of stakeholders views on accessing quality and equity of basic education in rural communities of Abia State. Nigeria. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(8), 454-464. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2020.4018
Avilés-Sacoto, S. V., Cook, W. D., Güemes-Castorena, D. & Zhu, J. (2020). Modelling Efficiency in Regional Innovation Systems: A Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Problem with Shared Outputs within Groups of Decision-Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 287(2), 572-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.04.052
Barro, R. J. & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992). Convergence. Journal of Political Economy, 100(2), 223-251. https://doi.org/10.1086/261816
Berbegal-Mirabent, J., Lafuente, E. & Solé, F. (2013). The pursuit of knowledge transfer activities: An efficiency analysis of Spanish universities. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2051-2059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.031
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Ben Yahia, F., Essid, H. & Rebai, S. (2018). Do dropout and environmental factors matter? A directional distance function assessment of Tunisian education efficiency. International Journal of Educational Development, 60, 120-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.11.004
Brida, J. G., Risso, W. A., Sánchez Carrera, E. J. & Segarra, V. (2021). Growth and inequality in the Mexican states: Regimes, thresholds, and traps. Papers in Regional Science, 100(5), 1295-1322. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12616
Brunello, G. & Checchi, D. (2005). School quality and family background in Italy. Economics of Education Review, 24(5), 563-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.09.001
Buddin, R. & Zamarro, G. (2009). Teacher qualifications and student achievement in urban elementary schools. Journal of Urban Economics, 66(2), 103-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2009.05.001
Canales, A. & Maldonado, L. (2018). Teacher quality and student achievement in Chile: Linking teachers’ contribution and observable characteristics. International Journal of Educational Development, 60, 33-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.09.009
Cattaneo, A., Adukia, A., Brown, D. L., Christiaensen, L., Evans, D. K., Haakenstad, A., McMenomy, T., Partridge, M., Vaz, S. & Weiss, D. J. (2022). Economic and social development along the urban–rural continuum: New opportunities to inform policy. World Development, 157, 105941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105941
Chen, Y. & Ali, A.I. (2004). DEA Malmquist productivity measure: New insights with an application to computer industry. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(1), 239-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00406-5
Chen, C. C. (2017). Measuring departmental and overall regional performance: applying the multi-activity DEA model to Taiwan׳s cities/counties. Omega, 67, 60-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2016.04.002
Chen, Y., Ma, X., Yan, P. & Wang, M. (2021). Operating efficiency in Chinese universities: An extended two-stage network DEA approach. Journal of Management Science and Engineering, 6(4), 482-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmse.2021.08.005
Chen, S., Li, A., Hu, L. & N’Drin, M. G.-R. (2024). Understanding the Efficiency in Generating Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Two-Stage Network DEA Approach. Social Indicators Research, 171(1), 295-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03255-x
Cook, W. D., Liang, L. & Zhu, J. (2010). Measuring performance of two-stage network structures by DEA: A review and future perspective. Omega, 38(6), 423-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2009.12.001
Cooper, W., Seiford, L. & Zhu, J. (2011). Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis. Springer. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6151-8
Delprato, M. & Antequera, G. (2021). Public and private school efficiency and equity in Latin America: New evidence based on PISA for development. International Journal of Educational Development, 84, 102404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102404
Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V. V., Sarrico, C. S. & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 132(2), 245-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00149-1
Eggert, W., Krieger, T. & Meier, V. (2010). Education, unemployment and migration. Journal of Public Economics, 94(5-6), 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.01.005
Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Lindgren, B. & Roos, P. (1992). Productivity change in Swedish pharmacies 1980–1989: A non-parametric Malmquist approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 3 (1), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158770
Flegl, M. & Andrade Rosas, L. A. (2019). Do professor’s age and gender matter or do students give higher value to professors’ experience?. Quality Assurance in Education, 27(4), 511-532. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/QAE-12-2018-0127
Flegl, M., Avilés-Sacoto, S. V., Güemes-Castorena, D. & Avilés-Sacoto, E. C. (2023). A State-Level Analysis of Mexican Education and Its Impact on Regional, Economic, and Social Development: Two-Stage Network DEA Approach. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 16(4), 275-286. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2023.160402
Flegl, M. & Hernández Gress, E. S. (2023). Eficiencia del combate a la violencia patrimonial en la región noroeste de México. Nóesis. Revista De Ciencias Sociales Y Humanidades, 31(62), 24-40. https://doi.org/10.20983/noesis.2022.2.2
García, A. K. (2018). Educación en México: insuficiente, desigual y la calidad es difícil de medir. El Economista. (22 de julio de 2024). https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Educacion-en-Mexico-insuficiente-desigual-y-la-calidad-es-dificil-de-medir-20181225-0028.html
Ghernouk, C. & Liouaeddine, M. (2026). Educational Spending Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index. Economies, 14(4), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies14040110
Giménez, V., Ayvar-Campos, F. J. & Navarro-Chávez, J. C. L. (2017). Efficiency in the generation of social welfare in Mexico: A proposal in the presence of bad outputs. Omega, 69, 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2016.08.001
Golany, B. & Roll, Y. (1989). An application procedure for DEA. Omega, 17(3), 237-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(89)90029-7
Halásková R., Mikušová Meričková B. & Halásková M. (2022). Efficiency of Public and Private Service Delivery: The Case of Secondary Education. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 15(1), 33-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2022.150104
Hanushek, E. A. & Woessmann, L. (2008). The role of cognitive skills in economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 46(3), 607-668. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.3.607
Henriques, C., Chávez, J. M., Gouveia, M. C. & Marcenaro-Gutiérrez, O. D. (2022). Efficiency of secondary schools in Ecuador: A value based DEA approach. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 82, 101226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2022.101226
INEGI (2023a). Características educativas de la población. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (10 de enero de 2024).https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/educacion/
INEGI (2023b). Demografía y Sociedad – Población. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (10 de enero de 2024). https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/tabulados/interactivos/?pxq=Mortalidad_Mortalidad_09_61312f04-e039-4659-8095-0ce2cd284415
INEGI (2023c). Economía y Sectores Productivos – PIB y cuentas nacionales. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (10 de enero 2024). https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/pib/
Kao, C. & Hwang, S.-N. (2008). Efficiency decomposition in two-stage data envelopment analysis: An application to non-life insurance companies in Taiwan. European Journal of Operational Research, 185(1), 418-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.11.041
Kao C. (2009). Efficiency measurement for parallel production systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 196(3), 1107-1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.04.020
Kedagni, D., Krishna, K., Megalokonomou, R. & Zhao, Y. (2021). Does class size matter? How, and at what cost? European Economic Review, 133, 103664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103664
Lin, Y.-C. & Yu, M.-M. (2023). Performance evaluation of compulsory education system in Taiwan: A modified dynamic network data envelopment analysis approach. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 78, 101280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2023.101280
Mahmoudi, R., Emrouznejad, A., Shetab-Boushehri, S. N. & Hejazi, S. R. (2020). The origins, development and future directions of data envelopment analysis approach in transportation systems. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 69, 100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2018.11.009
Marshall, E. & Shortle, J. (2016). Using DEA and VEA to Evaluate Quality of Life in the Mid-Atlantic States. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 34(2), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500008352
Matulová, M. (2023). Ranking of European Universities by DEA-Based Sustainability Indicator. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 16(4), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2023.160403
Mendoza-González, M. Á., Quintana-Romero, L. & Guerrero-Jiménez, A. (2024). Regional per capita income inequality and fiscal policy in Mexico, 1989–2021. The Annals of Regional Science, 73(4), 1681-1699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-024-01312-y
Mendoza-Mendoza, A., De La Hoz-Domínguez, E. & Visbal-Cadavid, D. (2023). Classification of industrial engineering programs in Colombia based on state tests. Heliyon, 9(5), e16002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16002
Min, S., Kim, J. & Sawng, Y.-W. (2020). The effect of innovation network size and public R&D investment on regional innovation efficiency. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155, 119998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119998
Minuci, E., Ferreira Neto, A. B. & Hall, J. (2019). A data envelopment analysis of West Virginia school districts. Heliyon, 5(7), e01990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e0199
Moghaddas, Z., Tosarkani, B. M. & Yousefi, S. (2022). Resource reallocation for improving sustainable supply chain performance: An inverse data envelopment analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 252, 108560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108560
Moreno, P. & Lozano, S. (2016). Super SBI Dynamic Network DEA approach to measuring efficiency in the provision of public services. International Transactions in Operational Research, 25(2), 715-735. https://doi.org/10.1111/itor.12257
Murias, P., Martinez, F. & De Miguel, C. (2006). An Economic Wellbeing Index for the Spanish Provinces: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach. Social Indicators Research, 77, 395-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-2613-4
No, F., Taniguchi, K. & Hirakawa, Y. (2016). School dropout at the basic education level in rural Cambodia: Identifying its causes through longitudinal survival analysis. International Journal of Educational Development, 49, 215-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.03.001
Nunamaker, T. R. (1985). Using data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency of non-profit organizations: A critical evaluation. Managerial and Decision Economics, 6(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090060109
OECD (2022). Education at a Glance 2022: OECD Indicators. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (15 de mayo de 2024). https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/
Puryear, J., Santibañez, L. & Solano, A. (2012). Education in Mexico. En Emerging markets forum book chapters. (pp. 87-108). Emerging Markets Forum.
Qu, J., Wang, B. & Liu, X. (2022). A modified super-efficiency network data envelopment analysis: Assessing regional sustainability performance in China. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 82(Part B), 101262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2022.101262
Ramzi, S., Afonso, A. & Ayadi, M. (2016). Assessment of efficiency in basic and secondary education in Tunisia: A regional analysis. International Journal of Educational Development, 51, 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.08.003
Rodionov, D. & Velichenkova, D. (2020). Relation between Russian Universities and Regional Innovation Development. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040118
Roldán Vera, E. & Robles Valle, A. (2021). The Education System of Mexico. En Jornitz, S., Parreira do Amaral, M. (eds) The Education Systems of the Americas. (pp. 1–26). Global Education Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93443-3_11-1
Santos Tavares, R., Angulo-Meza, L. & Parracho Sant’Anna, A. (2021). A proposed multi-stage evaluation approach for Higher Education Institutions based on network Data envelopment analysis: A Brazilian experience. Evaluation and Program Planning, 89, 101984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2021.101984
Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3386/w0033
See, K. F., Ng, Y. C. & Yu, M.-M. (2022). An alternative assessment approach to national higher education system evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 94, 102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102124
Seiford, L. M. & Zhu, J. (2002). Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research, 142(1), 16-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00293-4
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press.
SEP (2022). Principales Cifras del Sistema Educativo Nacional 2021-2022. Secretaría de Educación Pública – Dirección General de Planeación, Programación y Estadística Educativa. (10 de julio de 2024). https://www.planeacion.sep.gob.mx/Doc/estadistica_e_indicadores/principales_cifras/principales_cifras_2021_2022_bolsillo.pdf
Shamohammadi, M. & Oh, D. (2019). Measuring the efficiency changes of private universities of Korea: A two-stage network data envelopment analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 148, 119730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119730
Tan, Y., Wanke, P., Antunes, J. & Emrouznejad, A. (2021). Unveiling endogeneity between competition and efficiency in Chinese banks: A two-stage network DEA and regression analysis. Annals of Operations Research, 306(1), 131-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04104-1
Tone, K. & Tsutsui, M. (2009). Network DEA: A slacks-based measure approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 197(1), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.05.027
UNDP (2023). Human Development Index (HDI). United Nations Development Programme. (31 de mayo de 2024). https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI
Van Puyenbroeck, T. & Rogge. N. (2020). Comparing regional human development using global frontier difference indices. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 70, 100663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2018.10.014
Velásquez Rodríguez, J., Neira Rodado, D., Crissien Borrero, T. & Alexander Parody, A. (2022). Multidimensional indicator to measure quality in education. International Journal of Educational Development, 89, 102541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102541
Vliamos, S. J. & Tzeremes, N. G. (2006). Education Efficiency and Labor Market Achievements: An Evaluation for Twenty OECD Countries. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 3(2), 103-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2006.02.006
Wu, Y.-C. & Lin, S.-W. (2022). Efficiency evaluation of Asia’s cultural tourism using a dynamic DEA approach. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 84, 101426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2022.101426