El pasado, el presente, el futuro y la autoeficacia ocupacional: una perspectiva de atribuciones y diferencias culturales entre estudiantes de posgrado en Estados Unidos y México
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El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la relación entre tres dimensiones de perspectiva de tiempo (futura, presente fatalista y pasado negativa) y la autoeficacia ocupacional. La autoeficacia ocupacional se refiere a la creencia personal de poder movilizar los recursos necesarios para afrontar las demandas inherentes al trabajo en un dominio ocupacional determinado (Schyns & von Collani, 2002). Mediante una encuesta aplicada a respondientes mexicanos (n = 286) y estadounidenses (n = 272), también se puso a prueba el papel de la cultura. Un análisis de regresión reveló que las dimensiones de la perspectiva de tiempo analizadas tienen relaciones significativas con la autoeficacia ocupacional, siendo la perspectiva futura de tiempo más potente que sus contrapartes pasado negativa y presente fatalista. Ninguna de las relaciones examinadas entre la perspectiva de tiempo y la autoeficacia varió significativamente entre EE. UU. y México. En general, las relaciones entre la perspectiva de tiempo y la autoeficacia ocupacional varían de acuerdo con diferentes dimensiones temporales. Los valores culturales podrían no ejercer influencia en la conexión entre la perspectiva de tiempo y la autoeficacia.
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