Seguridad y la ciudad. En busca de un nuevo modelo de resiliencia urbana para los actores violentos no-estatales (VNSAs)
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Este trabajo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una contribución al debate sobre la seguridad urbana que parte de la asunción - desarrollado en la introducción - que la caída de los regímenes comunistas, el fin de la Guerra Fría, y los procesos de globalización en curso, produjo un cambio de escala de las autoridades, trayendo a las ciudades de nuevo al centro del universo político, y en primer plano, en la competencia por el control de los recursos coercitivos. En otros términos, las ciudades vuelvan a ser los espacios privilegiados de mediación entre los actores principales, tanto a nivel local y en los procesos de globalización; y, como consecuencia, dentro de las ciudades, la violencia resulta ser un mediador fundamental. Esta evolución está ofreciendo los actores violentos no estatales (VNSAs) oportunidades sin precedentes para competir por el control del territorio, dictando a las ciencias sociales una redefinición del concepto de seguridad urbana. La primera sección del documento se basa en la “teoría de la espuma” para delinear un modelo de análisis de los espacios urbanos; la segunda sección discute las estrategias concebidas para brindar seguridad en las últimas décadas, iniciando por los EE.UU.; la tercera sección, se pretende armonizar la teoría de la espuma con el concepto de resiliencia urbana a la violencia. Por último, la Conclusión presagia el advenimiento de una arquitectura del campus, capaz de planear espacios adecuados y brindar nuevas formas alternativas de sociabilidad urbana.
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