Competencias de liderazgo virtual en una universidad mexicana (UACJ). Un caso de estudio cuantitativo

Autores/as

  • Nestor Daniel Varela Medina Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20983/novarua.2023.27.4

Palabras clave:

Liderazgo virtual, Educación superior, Modelo SEC

Resumen

Este artículo examina las competencias de liderazgo virtual en el contexto de la educación superior y sus aspectos clave que impactan los ambientes virtuales en México. Uno de los contextos que más dramáticamente ha cambiado es el de la educación superior; sin embargo, sobresale que el liderazgo virtual en las universidades aún es escaso. Este trabajo utiliza un método cuantitativo de aproximación descriptiva y correlacional. Para ello, el cuestionario del modelo de E-Competencias fue aplicado a profesores para medir factores de liderazgo virtual y su eficiencia en el ambiente virtual educativo. Los resultados revelan que fueron encontradas correlaciones moderadas en competencias como e-cambio y e-social, exponiendo la casi insuficiente labor de los líderes al fomentar interacción social; así como también en e-equipo con e-tecnología, demostrando entrenamiento continuo en el uso de las TICs. Las conclusiones proponen nuevas estrategias para adquirir capacidades de liderazgo, efectivas para ambientes de educación virtual.

Biografía del autor/a

Nestor Daniel Varela Medina, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez

Profesor investigador

Citas

References

Allen, I. E. y Seaman, J. (2017). Digital learning compass: Distance education enrollment report 2017. Recuperado de: https://onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/digtiallearningcompassenrollment2017.pdf.

Anders, A. (2016). Team communication platforms and emergent social collaboration practices. International Journal of Business Communication, 53(2), 224-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488415627273.

Anthopoulos, L., Siozos, P., y Tsoukalas, I. (2007). Applying participatory design and collaboration in digital public services for discovering and re-designing e-government services. Government Information quarterly, 24(2), 353-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2006.07.018.

Armstrong, D. J., y Cole, P. (2002). Managing distances and differences in geographically distributed work groups. En Hinds, P. y Kiesler, S. (Eds), Diversity in work teams: Research paradigms for a changing workplace (pp.167-186). DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10189-007.

Avolio, B. J. (2007). Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theory-building. American psychologist, 62(1), 25-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.1.25.

Avolio, B. J., y Kahai, S. S. (2003). Adding the “E” to E-leadership: How It May Impact Your Leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 325-38. Recuperado de: https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89291420/Org_Dynamics_31_2002_Avolio-libre.pdf?1659697949=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DAdding_the_E_to_E_Leadership.pdf&Expires=1701917247&Signature=Hr98qDRRDqrMjlJ-~PKACyR1Hq~Fui0VlklDF5XTRNUMIrvxld1FGlYdt0cCQAzCAduDLTwBd8pUWzLnowwAgRbhdbKEJpNOpPuBfKJRgfIhIIVsPikzhG1qdm~Xu86FSX~A4iqwZteBHO-xq-FMYkBeDh2TUoDCw1756-DyOiigxLjBhpKloTAtw41qTHtVMqLqldOcDdqemYTTTQqo5vT1umGkuhihcAgRPmldMVXt0O6-7r~MD1yI5eVAN69tqObL31TPJfo~iT3MBk77EtGMsd8aaZkg8rtdoe8k7L4TNnqQTJitpuCcyft0LWDSLqaO7jZyi8PL65-TvEhxOw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.

Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S. y Baker, B. (2014). E-leadership: Re-examining transformations in leadership source and transmission. Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 105-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.003.

Azderska, T. y Jerman-Blazic, B. (2013). A holistic approach for designing humancentric trust systems. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 26(5), 417-450. DOI:10.1007/s11213-012-9259-3.

Bakar, N. A., Kama, N., y Harihodin S (2016). Enterprise architecture development and implementation in public service: The Malaysian perspective. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 88(1), 176-188.

Bao, W. (2020). COVID‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human behavior and emerging technologies, 2(2), 113-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.191.

Barbour, M. K., LaBonte, R., Kelly, K., Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., Bond, A., y Hill, P. (2020). Understanding pandemic pedagogy: Differences between emergency remote, remote, and online teaching. Canadian eLearning Network. Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101905.

Bass, B. M., y Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Simon and Schuster.

Bawany, S. (2019). Leadership 4.0: How ready are you to be a digital leader? Leadership Excellence, 36(2), 28-30.

Beauchamp, G., Hulme, M., Clarke, L., Hamilton, L., y Harvey, J. A. (2021). ‘People miss people:’ A study of school leadership and management in the four nations of the United Kingdom in the early stage of the pandemic. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 49(3), 375-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220987841.

Bonatti, A. y Horner, J. (2011). Collaborating. American Economic Review, 101. 632-663. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.632.

Bryant, N. (2013). Leadership development as a relational process: A grounded theory investigation of leader experiences. Tesis doctoral. The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. Recuperado de: https://www.proquest.com/openview/ddacacf300e14a8241d90901dd45d06d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750.

Bryant, S. M., Albring, S. M., y Murthy, U. (2009). The Effects of Reward Structure, Media Richness and Gender on Virtual Teams. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,10(4), 190-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2009.09.002.

Caillier, J. G. (2014). Toward a better understanding of the relationship between transformational leadership, public service motivation, mission valence, and employee performance: A preliminary study. Public Personnel Management, 43(2), 218-239. Recuperado de: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1665117205?accountid=35812.

Cascio, W. F. (2000). Managing a virtual workplace. Academy of Management Perspectives, 14(3), 81-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2000.4468068.

Cascio, W. F., y Shurygailo, S. (2003). E-leadership and virtual teams. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 362-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00130-4.

Cerny, B. A., y Kaiser, H. F. (1977). A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for factor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivariate behavioral research, 12(1), 43-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr1201_3.

Chatterjee, S., Sarker, S. y Siponen, M. (2017). How do mobile ICTs enable organizational fluidity: toward a theoretical framework. Information and Management, 54(1), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.03.007.

Connaughton, S. L., y Daly, J. A. (2004). Identification with leader: A comparison of perceptions of identification among geographically dispersed and co‐located teams. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 9(2), 89-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280410534294.

Dahlstrom, T. R. (2013). Telecommuting and Leadership Style. Public Personnel Management, 42(3), 438-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026013495731.

Della Corte, V., Del Gaudio, G., y Sepe, F. (2019). Leadership in the digital realm: What are the main challenges. Digital Leadership-A New Leadership Style for the 21st Century, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89856.

Dziuban, C. D., Shirkey, E. C., y Peeples, T. O. (1979). An investigation of some distributional characteristics of the measure of sampling adequacy. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 39(3), 543-549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447903900304.

Ekmekci, O. (2013). Being there: Establishing instructor presence in an online learning environment. Higher Education Studies, 3(1), 29-38. Recuperado de: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1081361

Fernandez, D. B., y Jawadi, N. (2015). Virtual R&D Project Teams: From E-leadership to Performance. Journal of Applied Research, 31(5), 1693-1708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i5.9384.

Francisco, C. D. C., y Nuqui, A. V. (2020). Emergence of a situational leadership during COVID-19 pandemic called new normal leadership. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 4(10), 15-19. Recuperado de: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED608560.

FTI Consulting (2015). U. S. Postsecondary Faculty in 2015: Diversity in People, Goals and Methods, but Focused on Students. FTI Consulting. Recuperado de: http://postsecondary.gatesfoundation.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/02/US-postsecondaryFaculty-in-2015.pdf.

Goudy, K. (2015). A qualitative case study of manager trustworthiness of employees in the virtual workplace. Tesis doctoral. Northcentral University. Recuperado de: https://www.proquest.com/openview/b4480d449a11dcc7a076357eb9d7bb7e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750.

Government Business Council (2015). Delivering on Digital Government: A Candid Survey of Federal Managers. Government Business Council. Recuperado de: http://cdn.govexec.com/media/gbc/docs/gbc_accenture_digital_ir_april.pdf.

Greenberg, P. S., Greenberg, R. H., y Antonucci, Y. L. (2007). Creating and sustaining trust in virtual teams. Business horizons, 50(4), 325-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2007.02.005.

Harris, A., y Jones, M. (2020). COVID-19-school leadership in disruptive times. School Leadership and Management, 40(4), 243-247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479.

Hertel, G., Konradt, U., y Voss, K. (2006). Competencies for Virtual Teamwork: Development and Validation of a Web-Based Selection Tool for Members of Distributed Teams. Organizational Psychology, 15(4), 477-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320600908187.

Hill, N., Kang, J., y Seo, M. (2014). The interactive effect of leader–member exchange and electronic communication on employee psychological empowerment and work outcomes. Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 772-783. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.04.006.

Holland, J. B., Malvey, D., y Fottler, M. (2009). Heath care globalization: A need for virtual leadership. The Health Care Manager, 28(2), 117-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0b013e3181a2cb63.

Huang, R., Kahai, S., y Jestice, R. (2010). The Contingent Effects of Leadership on Team Collaboration in Virtual Teams. Computers in

Human Behavior, 26(5), 1098-1110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.014.

Hunsaker, P. L., y Hunsaker, J. S. (2008). Virtual Teams: A Leader’s Guide. Team Performance Management, 14(1–2), 86-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13527590810860221.

Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., y Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 1-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2014.872335.

Johnson, S. K., Bettenhausen, K., y Gibbons, E. (2009). Realities of Working in Virtual Teams: Affective and Attitudinal Outcomes of Using Computer-Mediated Communication. Small Group Research, 40(6), 623-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496409346448.

Kahai, S. S. (2013). Leading in a digital age: What’s different, issues raised, and what we know. Exploring Distance in Leader–Follower Relationships: When Near is Far and Far is Near. Routledge. Recuperado de: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203120637-6/leading-digital-age-different-issues-raised-know-surinder-kahai.

Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second-generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35, 401-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291817.

Kanawattanachai, P., y Yoo, Y. (2002). Dynamic nature of trust in virtual teams. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(3-4), 187-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(02)00019-7.

Khan, S. (2016). Leadership in the digital age - a study on the effects of digitalisation on top management leadership. Tesis de maestría. Stockholm University. Recuperado de: https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:971518/FULLTEXT02.pdf.

Ferry, K. (2019). The self-disruptive leader. Korn Ferry Institute. Recuperado de: https://focus.kornferry.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/KF-Disruptive-Leader-Final-DigitalSpreads_FINAL.pdf.

Lander, J. (2020). The relationship between principals’ pillars of digital leadership aligned values and actions and teacher technology use. Tesis doctoral. St. John's University. Recuperado de: https://www.proquest.com/openview/d1f65f24c6fd35183bcfd67a41ddb374/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y.

Lareki, A., de Morentin, J. I. M., y Amenabar, N. (2010). Towards an efficient training of university faculty on ICTs. Computers & Education, 54(2), 491-497. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.08.032.

Lin, C., Standing, C., y Liu, Y. (2008). A Model to Develop Effective Virtual Teams. Decision Support Systems, 45(4), 1031-1045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2008.04.002.

Malhotra, A., Majchrzak, A., y Rosen, B. (2007). Leading virtual teams. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 60-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.24286164.

Maznevski, M. L., y Chudoba, K. M. (2000). Bridging space over time: Global virtual team dynamics and effectiveness. Organization science, 11(5), 473-492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.5.473.15200.

Moghadam, S. J., y Salamzadeh, A. (2018). Do senior bankers care about entrepreneurial behaviour? case of senior managers of Iranian vanguard banks. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 14(1-2), 271-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/WREMSD.2018.089065.

Montgomery, V. A. N., Roman, A., y Pierce, S. (2016). The rise and effect of virtual modalities and functions on organizational leadership: Tracing conceptual boundaries along the emanagement and e-leadership continuum. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 12(SI), 102-122. Recuperado de: https://rtsa.ro/tras/index.php/tras/article/view/507.

Nah, F., Lau, J., y Kuang, J. (2001). Critical factors for successful implementation of enterprise systems. Business Process Management Journal, 7(3), 285-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150110392782.

National Association of Elementary School Principals (2020). NAESP releases results of National Survey of principals regarding COVID-19. National Association of Elementary School Principals. Recuperado de: https://www.naesp.org/news/naesp-releases-results-of-national-survey-of-principals-regarding-covid-19/.

Neubauer, R., Tarling, A., y Wade, M. (2017). Redefining leadership for a digital age. Global Center for Digital Business Transformation and meta Beratung GmbH. Recuperado de: https://www.imd.org/globalassets/dbt/docs/redefining-leadership.

Orcutt, J. M., y Dringus, L. P. (2017). Beyond being there: Practices that establish presence, engage students, and influence intellectual curiosity in a structured online learning environment. Online Learning, 21(3), 15-35. Recuperado de: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1154155.

Peart, D. (2014). The relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership behavior in virtual academic leaders. Tesis doctoral. Grand Canyon University. Recuperado de: http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/1528557765?accountid=28180.

Piccoli, G., y Ives, B. (2004). Trust and the unintended effects of behavior control in virtual teams. MIS quarterly, 27(3), 365-395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/30036538.

Pollack, K. (2020). School leaders’ work during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-pronged approach. International Studies in Education, 48(3), 38-44. Recuperado de: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/edupub/268/.

Precup, L., O Sullivan, D., Cormican, K., y Dooley, L. (2006). Virtual team environment for collaborative research projects. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 3(1), 77-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2006.008181.

Prince, K. A. (2017). Industry 4.0 and leadership. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Electronic Business, 132-139.

Purvanova, R. K., y Bono, J. E. (2009). Transformational leadership in context: Face-to-face and virtual teams. Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 343-357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.004.

Ravesteijn, P., y Ongena, G. (2019). The role of E-leadership in relation to IT capabilities and digital transformation. IADIS Proceedings. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Guido-Ongena/publication/332370384_The_Role_of_e-Leadership_in_Relation_to_IT_Capabilities_and_Digital_Transformation/links/5cb04903299bf120975f914e/The-Role-of-e-Leadership-in-Relation-to-IT-Capabilities-and-Digital-Transformation.pdf.

Radovic, M., y Salamzadeh, A. (2012). The nature of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial activities. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing. Recuperado de: http://ebooks.ien.bg.ac.rs/1008/.

Radovic, M., y Salamzadeh, A. (2018). The importance of communication in business management. 7th International Scientific Conference on Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship. Recuperado de: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3578378.

Rennecker, J., y Derks, D. (2012). Email overload: Fine-tuning the research lens. En Derks, D. y Bakker, A. B. (Eds), The Psychology of Digital Media at Work. Psychology Press. DOI: doi.org/10.4324/9780203074145.

Rogers, D. L. (2016). The digital transformation playbook: Rethink your business for the digital age. Colombia University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/roge17544.

Roman, A. V. (2019). Defining e‐leadership as competence in ICT‐mediated communications: an exploratory assessment. Public Administration Review, 79(6), 853-866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12980.

Roy, S. (2012). Virtual collaboration: The skills needed to collaborate in a virtual environment. Journal of Internet Social Networking & Virtual Communities, 2012, 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5171/2012.629512.

Rusman, E., Van Bruggen, J., Sloep, P., y Koper, R. (2010). Fostering Trust in Virtual Teams: Towards a Design Framework Grounded in Trustworthiness Antecedents. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 689(11), 834-50.

Salamzadeh, A. (2018). Start-up boom in an emerging market: A niche market approach. En Khajeheian, D., Friedrichsen, M. y Mödinger, W. (Eds.), Competitiveness in emerging markets (pp. 233-243). Springer. Recuperado de: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-71722-7.

Savolainen, T. (2014). Trust-building in e-leadership: A case study of leaders' challenges and skills in technology-mediated interaction. Journal of Global Business Issues, 8(2), 45-56. Recuperado de: https://web.s.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=ddb2c6a3-386f-4ce0-b07b-16d28b5ab95a%40redis.

Snellman, C. (2014) Virtual teams: Opportunities and challenges for e-leaders. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 1251-1261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.972.

The Economist Intelligence Unit (2017). Building leaders without silos. The Economist. Recuperado de: https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/strategy-leadership/building-leaders-without-silos/whitepaper/building-leaders-without-silos.

University of Virginia & Boston Consulting Group (2018). In Digital Transformation. Coursera. Recuperado de: https://www.coursera.org/learn/bcg-uva-darden-digital-transformation.

U. S. Digital Service (2016). U. S. Digital Services Playbook. U.S. Digital service. Recuperado de: https://digital.gov/.

Varela, D. G., y Fedynich, L. (2020). Leading schools from a social distance: Surveying South Texas school district leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 38(4), 1-10. Recuperado de: http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Varela,%20daniella%20Surveying%20South%20Texas%20School%20District%20Leadership%20NFEASJ%20V38%20N4%202020.pdf.

Wang, J., Tian, J., y Shen, Z. (2013). The Effects and Moderators of Cyberloafing Controls: An Empirical Study of Chinese Public Servants. Information Technology Management, 14(4), 269-82. Recuperado de: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10799-013-0164-y.

Wildman, J. L., y Griffith, R. L. (Eds.). (2014). Leading global teams: Translating multidisciplinary science to practice. Springer. Recuperado de: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4939-2050-1.

Williams, T., Layne, M., y Ice, P. (2014). Online faculty perceptions on effective faculty mentoring: A qualitative study. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 17(2), 1-19. Recuperado de: https://ojdla.com/archive/summer172/Williams_Layne_Ice172.pdf.

Descargas

Publicado

2024-01-31