Capacidad productiva y pleno empleo: una alternativa de política
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El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer a la tasa de ocupación de la capacidad productiva como objetivo de política para abatir el desempleo. La estrategia que se deriva de esta propuesta consiste en reinstalar la administración de la demanda efectiva como instrumento principal de lucha contra el desempleo. Esta propuesta intenta reemplazar el marco teórico predominante, basado en el funcionamiento del mercado de trabajo neokeynesiano, mismo que impone como principal restricción para alcanzar el pleno empleo a la inflación. Validamos nuestra propuesta usando datos de seis economías y diversas técnicas econométricas. Los resultados indican que el porcentaje de uso de la ocupación productiva puede ser una buena sustituta del desempleo. Más aún, a través de un modelo econométrico panel, identificamos que las variables de demanda, en particular la acumulación de capital, tienen incidencia en la capacidad productiva.
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