The feeble institutional link between the information and communication technologies (ICTs) and poverty in Mexico
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In recent decades the ICTs have been recognized as enablers of development and poverty alleviation. However, there are many factors that could impede their effective adoption and appropriation by the poor. The aim of this paper is to review the effects which the institutional weakness of the Mexican state has had on the way in which the telecommunications sector is structured and, in consequence, the feeble link between ICTs and poverty in Mexico. For that purpose we carry out a documentary analysis as part of a broader research study which assesses empirically the role which the Mexican state has played in impeding the poor from accessing, using and appropriating ICTs as a way to alleviate poverty. We present some concluding remarks in relation to some of the institutional changes that must be made so that the ICTs could contribute more importantly to alleviating poverty in Mexico.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Aguerre, Carolina & Hernan Galperin. 2015. Internet policy formation in Latin America: Understanding the links between the national, the regional, and the global GigaNet. Global Internet Governance Academic Network, Annual Symposium 2015. Joao Pessoa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2809883.
Arellano, David. 2002. Nueva gestión pública: ¿el meteorito que mató al dinosaurio? Lecciones para la reforma administrativa en países como México. Reforma y Democracia, 23: 9-40.
Ayala, Edgardo, Joana Chapa, Lester García y Abel Hibert. 2017. Welfare effects of the telecommunication reform in Mexico. Telecommunications Policy: 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.07.013.
Bayón, María. 2009. Persistence of an exclusionary model: Inequality and segmentation in Mexican society. International Labour Review, 148 (3): 301-315.
Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo. 2013. Why did wage inequality decrease in Mexico after Nafta? Economía Mexicana. Nueva Época, 22 (2): 245-278.
Castro, Justin. 2016. Radio in Revolution: Wireless technology and state power in Mexico, 1897–1938. London: University of Nebraska Press.
Chang, Ha-Joon. 2010. 23 things they don't tell you about capitalism. London: Allen Lane.
Cecchini, Simone & Christopher Scott. 2005. Can information and communications technology applications contribute to poverty reduction? Lessons from rural India. Information Technology for Development, 10 (2): 73-84. DOI: 10.1002/itdj.1590100203.
Centeno, Miguel & Joseph Cohen. 2012. The arc of neoliberalism. Annual Review of Sociology, 38 (1): 317-340. DOI:10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150235.
Chávez-Ángeles, Manuel & Patricia Sánchez-Medina. 2013. Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) como recurso común: Coordinación, competencia y brecha digital en ocho municipios de Oaxaca. Gestión y Política Pública, 22: 137-170.
Chiapa, Carlos & Silvia Prina. 2017. Conditional cash transfers and financial access: Increasing the bang for each transferred buck? Development Policy Review, 35 (1): 23-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12199.
Crovi Drueta, Delia. 2008. Dimensión social del acceso, uso y apropiación de las TIC. Contratexto Digital (6): 65-79.
Cypher, James & Aldo Pérez. 2013. Instituciones y tecnología como factores clave en los proyectos nacionales del desarrollo: un análisis comparativo de Brasil y México. Apuntes del CENES, 32(56): 105-138. https://doi.org/10.19053/22565779.2445
Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Leora Klapper. 2012. Measuring financial inclusion: The global findex database. Working Paper World Bank, 6025. DOI:10.1596/1813-9450-6025.
Dumont, Michael, Nikolina Stojanovska & Ludo Cuyvers. 2011. World inequality, globalisation, technology and labour market institutions. International Journal of Manpower, 32 (3): 257-272. DOI: 10.1108/01437721111136750.
Esquivel, Gerardo. 2011. The dynamics of income inequality in Mexico since NAFTA. Economía, 12 (1): 155-188.
Garcia-Murillo, Martha & Jorge Velez-Ospina. 2017. ICTs and the informal economy: mobile and broadband roles. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 19(1): 58-76. DOI: 10.1108/DPRG-02-2016-0004.
González de la Rocha, Mercedes. 2012. Escolaridad e inserción laboral de los jóvenes becarios del programa oportunidades: un análisis de impacto. In Pobreza, transferencias condicionadas y sociedad, edited by Agustín Escobar & Mercedes González de la Rocha. México: Ciesas, 207-246.
Gorla, Narasimhaiah. 2009. A Survey of rural e-Government projects in India: Status and benefits. Information Technology for Development, 15 (1): 52-58. DOI: 10.1002/itdj.20064.
Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT). 2014. Resolución mediante la cual el pleno del instituto federal de telecomunicaciones determina al grupo de interés económico del que forman parte América Móvil S.A. B. DE C.V., Teléfonos de México, S.A. B. de C.V., Teléfonos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., Radiomóvil Dipsa, S.A.B. de C.V., Grupo Carso, S.A.B de C.V., y Grupo Financiero Inbursa, S.A.B de C.V., como agente económico preponderante en el sector de telecomunicaciones y le impone las medidas necesarias para evitar que se afecte la competencia y la libre concurrencia. http://www.ift.org.mx/industria/politica-regulatoria/preponderancia-telecom/resolucion-pleno-ift-determina-grupo-1. (08 March, 2018).
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía de México (INEGI). 2017. Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares. http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/proyectos/enchogares/regulares/dutih/2017/. (08 June, 2018).
James, Jeffrey. 2015. The impact of mobile phones on poverty and inequality in developing countries. Tilburg: Springer.
Jilberto, Alex. 2000. América Latina: El debate sobre los 'Nuevos Grupos Económicos' y conglomerados industriales después de la reestructuración neoliberal. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 69: 97-108.
Jovanovic, Boyan & Peter Rousseau. 2005. Chapter 18 - General purpose technologies. In Handbook of economic growth, edited by Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1181-1224.
Klasen, Stephan & Felicitas Nowak-Lehman. 2009. Introduction. In Poverty, inequality and policy in Latin America, edited by Stephan Klasen & Felicitas Nowak-Lehman. London: The MIT Press, 1-16.
Kuznetsov, Yevgeny & Carl Dahlman. 2008. Mexico's transition to a knowledge-based economy: Challenges and opportunities. Washington, D.C., United States: The World Bank.
Lira, Adrian. 2005. La tecnología de la información y la comunicación: estudio económico. Problemas del Desarrollo, 36 (143): 189-212.
Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter. 2008. Doing a bit more for the poor? Social assistance in Latin America. Journal of Social Policy, 37 (4): 621-639. DOI:10.1017/S0047279408002249.
López-Calva, Luís & Nora Lustig. 2010. Explaining the decline in inequality in Latin America: Technological change, educational upgrading, and democracy. In Declining inequality in Latin America, edited by Luís López-Calva & Nora Lustig. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 1-24.
Lopez‐Aymes, Juan. 2010. Automobile, information and communication technology and space industries as icons of South Korean economic nationalism. Pacific Focus, 25 (2): 289-312. DOI:10.1111/j.1976-5118.2010.01045.x.
Maldonado Guzmán, Gonzalo, María del Carmen Martínez, Domingo García, Luis Aguilera & Martha González. 2010. La influencia de las TICs en el rendimiento de la PyME de Aguascalientes. Investigación y Ciencia, 18 (47): 57-65.
Maldonado, Jorge, Rocío del Pilar Moreno, Isabel Giraldo & Camila Barrera. 2011. Los programas de transferencias condicionadas: ¿hacia la inclusión financiera de los pobres en América Latina? Lima, Peru: International Development Research Centre.
Mariscal Avilés, Judith. 2005. Digital divide in a developing country. Telecommunications Policy, 29 (5): 409-428.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2005.03.004.
Mariscal Avilés, Judith & Eugenio Rivera. 2005. New trends in the Latin American telecommunications market: Telefonica & Telmex. Telecommunications Policy, 29 (9): 757-777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2005.05.007.
Mariscal Avilés, Judith & Rentería, Cesar. 2013. Implementation of information and communications technologies for financial inclusion in programs to alleviate poverty in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. In E-Government success around the world: Cases, empirical studies, and practical recommendations, edited by Ramón Gil-García. Washington:IGI Global, 105-130.
Mattos, César & Paulo Coutinho. 2005. The Brazilian model of telecommunications reform. Telecommunications Policy, 29 (5): 449-466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2005.03.001.
Matus, Maximino & Rodrigo Ramírez. 2012. Acceso y uso de las TIC en áreas rurales, periurbanas y urbano-marginales de México: Una perspectiva antropológica. México: INFOTEC.
Mbuyisa, Busisiwe & Awie Leonard. 2017. The role of ICT use in SMEs. Towards poverty reduction: A systematic literature review: ICT use in SMEs towards poverty reduction. Journal of International Development, 29: 159-197. DOI: 10.1002/jid.3258.
Mecinas Montiel, Juan. 2016. The digital divide in Mexico: A mirror of poverty. Mexican Law Review, 9 (1): 93-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mexlaw.2016.09.005.
Molyneux, Maxine. 2008. The ‘Neoliberal Turn’ and the new social policy in Latin America: How neoliberal, how new?. Development and Change, 39 (5): 775-797. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00505.x.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2015. The OECD model survey on ICT access and usage by households and individuals. https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/ICT-Model-Survey-Access-Usage-Households-Individuals.pdf. (07 February, 2018).
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD). 2017. Estudio de la OECD sobre telecomunicaciones y radiodifusión en México 2017. http://www.oecd.org/publications/estudio-de-la-ocde-sobre-telecomunicaciones-y-radiodifusion-en-mexico-2017-9789264280656-es.htm. (09 February, 2018).
Ortiz, Antonio & Ricardo Rodriguez. 2005. Mexico's international telecommunications policy: Origins, the WTO dispute, and future challenges. Telecommunications Policy, 29 (5): 429-448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2005.03.005.
Pérez, Carlota. 2004. Revoluciones tecnológicas y capital financiero. México: Siglo XXI.
Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación (PEF) para el ejercicio fiscal 2010. 2010. http://www.dof.gob.mx/avisos/1937/SHCP_02_071209/SHCP_02_071209.htm. (11 February, 2018).
Rodríguez, John & Angélica Sánchez-Riofrío. 2017. TIC y pobreza en América Latina. Iconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, (57): 141-160.
Schneider, Benn. Ross. 2009. Hierarchical market economies and varieties of capitalism in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies, 41 (3): 553-575. DOI:10.1017/S0022216X09990186
Secretaría de Gobernación (SEGOB). 2013. Decreto por el que se reforman y adicionan diversas disposiciones de los artículos 6o., 7o., 27, 28, 73, 78, 94 y 105 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, en materia de telecomunicaciones. http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5301941&fecha=11/06/2013. (11 February, 2018).
Soares, Fábio, Rafael Pérez & Rafael Guerreiro. 2010. Evaluating the impact of Brazil`s Bolsa Familia: Cash transfer programs in comparative perspective. Latin American Research Review, 45 (2): 173-190.
Sreekumar, T. & Milagros Rivera-Sanchez. 2008. ICTs and development: Revisiting the Asian experience. Science Technology & Society, 13 (2): 159-174. DOI: 10.1177/097172180801300201.
Stiglitz, Joseph. 2002. Globalization and its discontents. London: Penguin.
Sunkel, Guillermo. 2006. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en la educación en América Latina: una exploración de indicadores. (07 Febrero, 2018).
Tarafdar, Monideepa, Prashanth Anekal & Ramendra Singh. 2012. Market development at the bottom of the pyramid: examining the role of information and communication technologies. Information Technology for Development, 18 (4): 311-331. DOI: 10.1080/02681102.2012.690172.
Teichman, Judith. 2008. Redistributive conflict and social policy in Latin America. World Development, 36 (3): 446-460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.04.010.
Torero, Maximo & Joachim Von Braun. 2006. Information and communication technologies for development and poverty reduction: The potential of telecommunications. Baltimore: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2007. Measuring the information society report 2007. (07 February, 2018).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2009. Measuring the information society report 2009. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2009/MIS2009_w5.pdf. (07 February, 2018)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2010. Measuring the information society report 2010. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2010/MIS_2010_without_annex_4-e.pdf. (07 February, 2018).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2011. Measuring the information society report 2011. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2011/MIS_2011_without_annex_5.pdf. (07 February, 2018).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2012. Measuring the information society report 2012. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2012/MIS2012_without_Annex_4.pdf. (07 February, 2018).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2013. Measuring the information society report 2013. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdf. (07 February, 2018).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2014. Measuring the information society report 2014. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2014/MIS2014_without_Annex_4.pdf. (07 February, 2018).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2015. Measuring the information society report 2015. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2015/MISR2015-w5.pdf. (07 February, 2018).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2016. Measuring the information society report 2016. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU- D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2016/ MISR2016-w4.pdf. (07 February, 2018).