Neurogénesis en el animal adulto: del estado fisiológico a la lesión o enfermedad
Keywords:
microglia, neurodegenerative disease, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, regenerationAbstract
Six decades ago it was believed that neurons of the nervous system were only born during embryonic development. The study of adult neurogenesis is essential to develop strategies focused on specific neuronal regeneration after a lesion or in the course of neurodegenerative diseases in which an inflammatory state is established. The aim of this review was to compile and discuss on the current knowledge of adult neurogenesis in normal and injury or disease conditions, and the influence of inflammation on the regeneration of the nervous system in the adult animal. There is evidence that neurogenesis exists in several animal species, but its extent and its rate vary greatly between them. Neuroinflammation has negative effects on neuronal integrity and survival; however, the modulation of the microglia and other inflammatory cells during neuronal regeneration processes has been proven to produce beneficial effects.
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