Increased trade openness, productivity, employment and wages: a difference-in-differences approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20983/epd.2016.32.1Palabras clave:
política comercial, productividad, empleo, salarios,Resumen
En este trabajo se analiza el efecto del aumento de la competencia debido a la creación del Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) sobre la productividad, el empleo y los salarios a nivel de los establecimientos del sector manufacturero uruguayo. Se utilizan técnicas de evaluación de impacto, sin y con matching para el período 1988-1995. Uno de los resultados más robustos es que el aumento de la apertura comercial aumenta la productividad total de los factores a nivel de los establecimientos. Además se encuentra una reducción en el empleo, en particular de los trabajadores menos calificados, aumentos en los salarios y una reducción de la brecha salarial entre los trabajadores calificados y los menos calificados como resultado del incremento en la apertura comercial. Así, el aumento en la productividad y el aumento del desempleo de los trabajadores menos calificados señalarían la necesidad de políticas de capacitación, empleo y otras políticas sociales a fin de neutralizar los efectos negativos del aumento de la apertura comercial sobre los trabajadores menos calificados.
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